![]() Modulated viewing resulted in longer mean visual fixation duration compared to during naturalistic viewing, across groups. ![]() We analyzed dynamic effective connectivity and visual fixation duration. Participants viewed their faces naturalistically (naturalistic viewing), and holding their gaze on the image center (modulated viewing), monitored with an eye-tracking camera. We acquired fMRI data in 37 unmedicated adults with BDD and 30 healthy controls. This study tested a behavioral strategy of visual-attention modification on visual system brain connectivity and eye behaviors. Treatments for the core symptom of perceptual distortions are underexplored in BDD yet understanding their mechanistic effects on brain function is critical for rational treatment development. ![]() Disconnection among these networks contributes to an age-related decline in attention, but preservation and perhaps even increased patterns of functional brain activation and connectivity also contribute to preserved attentional functioning.In individuals with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), perceptual appearance distortions may be related to selective attention biases and aberrant visual scanning, contributing to imbalances in global vs. Neuroimaging research has identified networks of frontal and parietal brain regions relevant for top-down and bottom-up attentional processing. ![]() However, some age-related preservation of attentional functioning is also evident, particularly the top-down allocation of attention. An underlying age-related slowing is prominent throughout visual processing stages, which in turn contributes to age-related decline in some aspects of attention, such as the inhibition of irrelevant information and the coordination of multiple tasks. A fundamental theme of attentional functioning is the interaction between the bottom-up salience of visual features and top-down allocation of processing based on the observer’s goals. Thus, attention is a multifaceted construct that is relevant at virtually all stages of object identification. Empirical research on visual attention has determined that attention-related effects occur across a range of information processing components, including the sensory registration of features, selection of information from working memory, controlling motor responses, and coordinating multiple perceptual and cognitive tasks. The Effects of Attention on RepresentationsĪge-related decline occurs in several aspects of fluid, speed-dependent cognition, particularly those related to attention.Event-Related Potential Studies of Age-Related Differences in Visual Attention.Task-Related Activation and Functional Connectivity.Neuroimaging Studies of Age-Related Differences in Visual Attention.Age-Related Preservation of Top-Down Attention.Inhibition of Irrelevant Information and Spatial Selection.Attentional Consequences of Age-Related Perceptual Decline.Age-Related Slowing and Decline in Attentional Resources.Behavioral Studies of Age-Related Differences in Visual Attention.Bundesen’s Theory of Visual Attention (TVA).Duncan and Humphreys Stimulus Similarity Theory.Data-Limited and Resource-Limited Processing.
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